NEST

Science

5 year Integrated M.Sc.

 

Candidates who wish to appear in the National Entrance Screening Test (NEST) must meet the NEST eligibility criteria 2022 set by NISER Bhubaneswar and UM-DAE CEBS. It must be noted that if a candidate fails to meet the NEST 2022 eligibility criteria then their candidacy will be cancelled by the authorities. Candidates who qualify the NEST 2022 and match the NEST eligibility criteria 2022 are offered admission to five-year integrated MSc programs offered by NISER Bhubaneswar and UM-DAE CEBS. The NEST 2022 eligibility criteria is given below.

• Qualifying Exam: Aspirants must have qualified Class 12th exam form Science stream or been appearing in Class 12th exam, from a recognized board by the Indian government. Furthermore, candidates are required to have passed Class 12th in the years 2020/2022 or must be appearing for the exam in 2022.
• Qualifying Exam Marks: Candidates who belong to the General category are required to have a minimum aggregate of 60% in the Class 12th examination, whereas candidates belonging to reserved categories such as SC/ST/PwD only need to score 55% aggregate in Class 12th.
• Lower Age Limit: The authorities have laid out the lower age limit NEST which candidates have to satisfy to attempt the entrance exam. The lower age limit set by the authorities varies for candidates as per the category they belong to. Candidates belonging to the General and OBC category must have been born on or after August 1, 2002, while candidates of SC/ST/PwD categories are given a relaxation of 5 years such that they must have been born on or after August 1, 1997.

NEST 2022 Syllabus

General section-Aptitude-

General section-Aptitude: Unit 01

Major historical milestones in mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, computer science and environmental studies

General section-Aptitude: Unit 02

Mathematics up to 10th standard

General section-Aptitude: Unit 03

Scientific passage

General section-Aptitude: Unit 04

Interpret graphical and/ or tabular representation of information

Biology

Biology: Unit 01

Cell biology
Cell theory and cells as unit of life
Basic concepts of biomolecules-proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
Tools and techniques of cell studies-use of microscope and calibration (microscopy), elements of microscope
Biomembranes-transport mechanism, cellular respiration
Cell organelles-structure and functions
Discovery and structure of DNA, processes of replication, transcription, genetic code and translation
Principles of the basic techniques in molecular biology
Enzymes-catalysis, kinetics, activation energy, competitive, and non-competitive inhibition

Biology: Unit 02

Genetics and evolution
Fundamentals of genetics and evolution
Evidences and theories of organic evolution
Organization of the heredity material in chromosomes
Equational division
Reduction division
Mitosis and meiosis compared, and contrasted
Significance of meiosis
Mendel's laws of inheritance
Discovery of linkage, sex-linked inheritance
Crossing-over, stage at which crossing-over occurs
Neurospora genetics
Mutation-discovery, types of mutation, and mutations in diploids
Role of mutations in evolution
Elaboration of mendel's laws of inheritance
Monohybrid or dihybrid crosses
Human genetics-human chromosomes, sex-determination, sex-linked inheritance

Biology: Unit 03

Ecology
Physical and biological factors in influencing organisms
Food chains, pyramids of numbers, and biomass
Biological equilibrium
Interspecific associations
Biodiversity
Flora and fauna
Basics of microbial systems, ecosystems

Biology: Unit 04

Humans and environment
Soil, rainfall, and temperature with reference to natural resources
Our natural resources-their uses and abuses
Environmental pollution and preventive measures
Biodiversity and conservation

Biology: Unit 05

Biotechnology
Principles of recombinant dna technology
Applications of biotechnology

Biology: Unit 06

Biology of animal systems
Digestive system: Modes of nutrition. Different vitamin compounds and their deficiencies. Structure of alimentary canal and associated glands, digestive enzymes, and gastrointestinal hormones
Digestive system: Absorption of products of digestion, peristalsis, balanced diet
Respiratory system: Gaseous exchange in animals. Structure of respiratory organs, mechanism of breathing, gaseous transport, tissue respiration
Circulatory system: Open and closed systems. Functions of blood and lymph. Microscopic structure of blood and blood vessels. Structures and working of heart. Distribution of arteries and veins. Circulation of blood coagulation. Blood groups
Excretory system: Elimination of nitrogenous waste. Osmoconformers and osmoregulators. Structure and function of kidney tubules. Arrangement of excretory organs
Nervous system: General account of brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Reflex actions (simple and conditioned). Sense organs (eye and ear)
Reproductive system: Sexual and asexual reproduction. General arrangement and functions of reproductive organs

Biology: Unit 07

Developmental biology
Basic features of development in animals
Types of eggs, fertilization, cleavage, blastula
Stem cells-definition, types, uses, advantages, and disadvantages, induced pluripotent stem cells
Different hormones and their roles
Diversity of animal life-principles of classification, binomial nomenclature
General classification of animal phyla up to classes (invertebrates) and up to sub-classes/ order (vertebrates), general characters of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

Biology: Unit 08

Immunology
Basics of immune mechanisms and diseases-active and passive immunity, T-and B-cell responses, antigen presentation, principles of vaccination, monoclonal antibodies and their uses, immunology of AIDS

Biology: Unit 09

Biology of plant systems
Anatomy and physiology of plants-meristems
Plant growth and development
Internal and external regulators of growth, and development in plant
Plant reproduction
Internal structure of root, stem, secondary growth, and leaves
Xylem and phloem-their cell elements and functions
Internal structure of dicot and monocot leaves
Photosynthesis-history, importance, factors, and mechanism, stomatal mechanism, transpiration, and respiration
Comparative study of dicot and monocot anatomy
Absorption and cell-water relations, transport of water, and minerals, tropic, and turgor movements
Significance of life-cycles with special reference to alternation of generations as exemplified in funaria, selaginella, and pinus (no structural details)
Plant hormones

Biology: Unit 10

Systematics
Principles of classical and new systematics
Binomial nomenclature
Familiarity with taxa
Plant breeding and tissue culture

Chemistry-Physical chemistry-

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 01

Measurements in chemistry
SI units for fundamental quantities, significant figures in calculations

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 02

Mole concept
Avogadro number and mole concept, molar masses, mole fraction, molarity, molality, percent composition, stoichiometry
Equivalent weight and normality
Calculations based on mole concept and stoichiometry of different reactions
Oxidation-reduction reactions

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 03

Gaseous and liquid states
Absolute scale of temperature
Gas laws, ideal gas equation, real gases and deviation from ideality, liquefaction of gases, Van Der Waals equation
Kinetic theory of gases; average, root mean square, and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature
Law of partial pressures
Vapour pressure
Diffusion of gases

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 04

Atomic structure and chemical bonding
Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers
Wave particle duality, De Broglie hypothesis
Uncertainty principle
Orbitals and quantum numbers; shapes and energy of s, p, and d orbitals
Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36), filling of orbitals-Aufbau principle
Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule
Hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals
Atomic orbital overlap and chemical bonds; ionic, covalent, and coordinate bonds; bond parameters
Orbital energy diagrams for homo-nuclear diatomic species
Lewis structures
Hydrogen bond
polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects)
Vsepr theory and shapes of molecules
Valence bond theory
Molecular orbital theory of homo-nuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea)

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 05

Thermodynamics
Thermodynamic states
First law of thermodynamics
Internal energy, work, and heat, pressure-volume work
Enthalpy and enthalpy change, Hess's law, heat of-reaction, fusion, and vaporisation
Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, free energy, criterion of spontaneity

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 06

Chemical equilibrium
Laws of chemical equilibrium, law of mass action
Equilibrium constant-factors affecting equilibrium constant and its applications
Le Chatelier's principle-effect of concentration, temperature, and pressure
Significance of δG and δG in chemical equilibrium
Relationship of k and δg
Ionic equilibrium: Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts), salts. Ka, Kb, Kw, degree of dissociation, Ph, and their relationships. Solubility product, common ion effect. Hydrolysis of salts. Buffer solutions

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 07

Electrochemistry
Redox reactions and electrode potential, electrochemical cells, galvanic cells and cell reactions
Standard electrode potential
Nernst equation and its relation to δg and k
Electrochemical series, EMF of galvanic cells
Electrolysis and faraday's laws of electrolysis
Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent, and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch's law
Concentration cells
Batteries (primary and secondary), fuel cells, corrosion

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 08

Chemical kinetics
Rates of chemical reactions
Order of reaction, rate constant
First order and pseudo first order reactions
Factors affecting rate of reaction-concentration, temperature (Arrhenius equation), catalyst

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 09

Solid state
Classification of solids, amorphous, and crystalline solids, crystalline state, crystal lattice, and unit cells; seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β), close packed structure of solids (cubic)
Packing in fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices
Packing efficiency, nearest neighbours, ionic radii
Simple ionic compounds, imperfection in solids, point defects
Electrical and magnetic properties, band theory of metals

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 10

Solutions
Solution of solid and gas in liquid
Concentration of solution
Ideal and non-ideal solutions
Colligative properties
Vapour pressure of solution, Raoult's law
Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point
Abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor
Osmosis-osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis

Chemistry-Physical chemistry: Unit 11

Surface chemistry
Adsorption: Physisorption and chemisorptions. Factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids. Adsorption isotherm. Catalysis-homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity. Enzyme catalysis
Colloidal state: Types, preparation, and properties of colloids. Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation. Application of colloids. Micelles

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry-

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 01

Classification of elements and periodicity in properties
Modern periodic table, classification of elements, periodic trends in properties of elements-valence, oxidation state, atomic/ ionic radius, ionization energy, electron gain energy, electro negativity, valency, chemical reactivity
Diagonal Relationship
Anomalous behaviours of li, be, b, c

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 02

Hydrogen
Isotopes, preparation, isolation, properties, and uses
Hydrides-ionic, covalent, and interstitial
Properties of water and heavy water
Hydrogen peroxide-preparation, structure, reactions, uses
Hydrogen as fuel cell

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 03

s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth elements)
General characteristics and trends in properties
Group 1: Preparation, properties, and reactions of alkali metals with emphasis on chemistry of Na and K and their compounds-oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates
Group 2: Preparation, properties, and reactions alkaline earth metals with emphasis on the chemistry of Mg and Ca and their compounds-oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulphates. Uses

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 04

P-block elements
General characteristics and trends in properties
Group 13: Chemistry of boron and its compounds-borax, boric acid, and diborane
Group 14, 15, and 16: Chemistry of carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus. Allotropy. Chemistry of oxides and oxyacids of these elements. Phosphines, phosphorus chlorides, ammonia, peroxide, and ozone; silicones, silicon tetrachloride, and silicates
Group 17: Chemistry of halogens, chemistry of chlorine in detail. Interhalogen compounds. HX and oxyacids of halogens
Group 18: Isolation, properties, and reactions of inert gases with emphasis on chemistry of xenon

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 05

d-block elements
General characteristics and trends in properties (mainly 3d elements)
Variable oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment
Catalytic properties
Interstitial compounds, alloy formation
Preparation and properties of potassium dichromate, and permanganate

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 06

f-block elements
General characteristics and trends in properties (mainly lanthanides)
Variable oxidation states
Lanthanide contraction and its consequences

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 07

Coordination compounds
Nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds
Isomerism
Hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds
Magnetic properties
Werner's theory, VBT, CFT

Chemistry-Inorganic chemistry: Unit 08

Metals and metallurgy
Occurrence of metals
General methods of extraction involving chemical principles-thermodynamic, electrochemical, and redox principles
General operation stages involved in metallurgical operation
Metallurgy of p-block element (emphasis on Al)
Metallurgy of Fe-triad (more emphasis on Fe metallurgy)
Metallurgy of coinage metals (Cu, Ag with more emphasis on Cu)
Refining

Chemistry-Organic chemistry-

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 01

Basic concept
Representation of organic compounds
Hybridisations of carbon
Sigma and pi-bonds
Shapes of simple organic molecules
Inductive effect, electrometric effect, resonance effect, hyper conjugation
Keto-enol tautomerism
Determination of empirical and molecular formulae (only combustion method)
Hydrogen bond-definition and effect on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids
Acidity and basicity of organic acids, and bases
Methods of purification of compounds

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 02

Reactive intermediates
Homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavages
Formation, structure, and stability of-carbocation, carbanion, and free radical

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 03

Isomerism
Structural and stereoisomerism
Geometrical isomerism
Chirality
Enantiomers
Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R, S and E, Z nomenclature excluded)
Racemic mixture
Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections)

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 04

Nomenclature
IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, mono-functional and bi-functional compounds), including benzene derivatives

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 05

Alkanes
Preparation, properties, and reactions
Idea of homologous series, combustion, and halogenation of alkanes
Mechanism of photohalogenation, Wurtz reaction

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 06

Alkenes and alkynes
Preparation, properties, and reactions of alkenes and alkynes
Isomerization
Acidity of alkynes
Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry), reactions of alkenes with KMnO₄, sulphuric acid, reduction of alkenes and alkynes, preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions (excluding stereochemistry)
Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX, and H2O (X=halogen)
Makowniko rule
Peroxide effect
Polymerization of alkenes, addition reactions of alkynes, metal acetylides, ozonolysis

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 07

Aromatic compounds
Aromaticity
Huckel theory of aromaticity
Structure of benzene
Isomerism in substituted benzenes
Electrophilic substitution reaction on benzene-general mechanism
Orientating influence of substituents in electrophilic substitution reaction of monosubstituted benzenes
Electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene and substituted benzenes-halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation (no mechanism)

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 08

Haloalkanes (alkyl halides)
Preparation from alkanes, alcohols, olens
Grignard reagents and their reaction with aldehydes/ ketones/ esters/ nitriles
Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides with different nucleophilic species
Sn1 and sn2 reactions with mechanism
Halogen exchange reaction
Polyhalogen compounds

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 09

Haloarenes
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding benzyne mechanism and cine substitution)

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 10

Alcohols
Preparation from-olens, alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, aldehydes/ ketones
Hydroboration reaction
Dehydration, oxidation to aldehydes and ketones
Reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl₂/ HX, H₂SO₄
Identification of p-, sec-,and tert-alcohols
Uses of methanol and ethanol

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 11

Phenols
Preparation of phenol from halobenzene, cumene, and benzene sulphonic acid
Acidity
Reactions of phenols-halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, with Zn. Reimer-Tieman reaction, Kolbe reaction

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 12

Ethers
Ethers-preparation by Williamson's Synthesis, dehydration of alcohols
Reaction with H2O, HX

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 13

Aldehydes and ketones
preparation of aldehydes and ketones from-alcohols, olefins, acid chlorides, arylalkanes, nitriles, esters, Friedel-Crafts reaction
Reactions with-alcohols, HCN, NaHSO3
Reactions-oxidation, reduction, oxime, and hydrazone formation
Aldol condensation, Perkin reaction
Cannizzaro reaction
Haloform reaction
Tests to distinguish aldehydes and ketones

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 14

Carboxylic acids
Acidity and structure, acidity relationship
Preparation of acids
Preparation of amides, acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides
Ester hydrolysis
Reactions of acids with-thionyl chloride, P-halides, ammonia, alkalis, metals, halogens, reducing agents
Decarboxylation
Halogenation

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 15

Amines
Basicity and structure, basicity relationship
Identification of p-, sec-, and tert–amines
Preparation of amines from-nitro compounds, nitriles, amides, haloalkanes/ aromatic compounds
Reaction with-acids, alkylating agents, acylating agents, nitrous acid
Diazotization of aromatic primary amines-reactions of aromatic diazonium salts-azo coupling reaction, Sandmeyer, and related reactions
Carbylamine reaction of p-amines

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 16

Carbohydrate
Classification of carbohydrates
Mono-and di-saccharides (glucose and sucrose)
Characteristic tests
Structure of glucose
Reactions of glucose-oxidation, reduction, hydroxylamine, HI, acetic anhydride
Cyclic structure of glucose
Structures of-sucrose, maltose, starch, and cellulose
Glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 17

Amino acids and proteins
α-amino acids
General structure of peptides and proteins
Peptide Bond
Characteristic tests
Separation of amino acids using physical properties
Denaturation of Proteins
Enzymes

Chemistry-Organic chemistry: Unit 18

Polymers
Classification
Homo and co-polymers, addition, and condensation polymerizations
Polythene, nylons, polyesters, bakelite, melamine-formaldehyde, rubber-natural and synthetic

Mathematics-

Mathematics: Unit 01

Algebra
Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations
Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots
Arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers
Logarithms and their properties
Permutations and combinations, binomial theorem for positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients
Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three
Inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables
Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, Bayes theorem, independence of events, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations

Mathematics: Unit 02

Trigonometry
Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition, and subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations
Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, half-angle formula and the area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only)

Mathematics: Unit 03

Analytical geometry
Two dimensions-Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin
Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line
Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines
Centroid, orthocentre, incentre, and circumcentre of a triangle
Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal, and chord
Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line
Equations of a parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent, and normal
Locus problems
Three dimensions-direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane

Mathematics: Unit 04

Differential calculus
Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto, and one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions
Limit and continuity of a function, limit, and continuity of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, L'hospital rule for evaluation of limits of functions
Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions
Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions
Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the derivative, tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum values of a function
Rolle's theorem and Lagrange's mean value theorem

Mathematics: Unit 05

Integral calculus
Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals and their properties, fundamental theorem of integral calculus
Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas involving simple curves
Formation of ordinary differential equations, Solution of homogeneous differential equations, Separation of variables method, Linear first order differential equations

Mathematics: Unit 06

Vectors
Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot, and cross products, scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations

Physics-

Physics: Unit 01

General
Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis, least count, significant figures
Methods of measurement (direct, indirect, null) and measurement of length, time, mass, temperature, potential difference, current and resistance
Design of some simple experiments, such as: i) Searle's method to determine Young's modulus, ii) determination of 'g' by simple pendulum, iii) speed of sound using resonance tube, iv) coefficient of friction using angle of repose
Design of some simple experiments, such as: v) Determination of focal length of a convex lens by plotting a graph between 'u' and 'v', vi) refractive index of material of prism using the method of minimum deviation, vii) verification of Ohm's law
Design of some simple experiments, such as: viii) Resistance of galvanometer using half deflection method, ix) specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter, x) I-V characteristic curve for p–n junction in forward and reverse bias
Graphical representation and interpretation of data
Errors in the measurements and error analysis

Physics: Unit 02

Mechanics
Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only), projectiles
Uniform circular motion
Relative velocity
Newton's laws of motion
Inertial and uniformly accelerated (linear only) frames of reference
Static and dynamic friction
Kinetic and potential energy
Linear and circular simple harmonic motion
Work and power
Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy
Systems of particles
Centre of mass and its motion
Centre of gravity
Impulse
Elastic and inelastic collisions
Law of gravitation
Centripetal acceleration and centrifugal force
Gravitational potential and field
Acceleration due to gravity
Motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits
Escape velocity
Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes
Angular momentum, torque
Conservation of angular momentum
Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation
Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders, and spheres
Equilibrium of rigid bodies
Collision of point masses with rigid bodies
Hooke‘s law and stress-strain relations
Elastic limit, plastic deformation
Young's modulus, bulk, and shear moduli
Pressure in a fluid
Pascal's law
Buoyancy
Surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise
Viscosity-Stoke's and Poiseuille's law, terminal velocity
Qualitative understanding of turbulence
Reynolds number
Streamline flow, equation of continuity
Bernoulli's theorem

Physics: Unit 03

Sound and mechanical waves
Plane wave motion, longitudinal, and transverse waves, superposition of waves
Progressive and stationary waves
Vibration of strings and air columns
Resonance (qualitative understanding)
Beats
Speed of sound in gases
Doppler effect

Physics: Unit 04

Thermal physics
Thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases
Calorimetry, latent heat
Heat conduction in one dimension
Elementary concepts of convection and radiation
Newton's law of cooling
Ideal gas laws
Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monatomic, and diatomic gases)
Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gases
Equivalence of heat and work
First and second law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases)
Entropy
Blackbody radiation-absorptive and emissive powers
Kirchhoff's law
Wien's displacement law, Stefan's law

Physics: Unit 05

Electricity and magnetism
Coulomb's law
Electric field and potential
Electrical potential energy of a system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; electric field lines
Flux of electric field
Gauss's law and its application in simple cases, such as to find field due to infinitely long straight wire
Uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell

Physics: Unit 06

Capacitance
Calculation of capacitance with and without dielectrics
Capacitors in series and parallel
Energy stored in a capacitor
Electric current
Ohm's law
Series and parallel arrangements of resistances, and cells
Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications; heating effect of current
Biot-savart's law and Ampere's law
Magnetic field near a current carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid
Force on a moving charge and on a current carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field
Magnetic moment of a current loop
Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop
Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter, and their conversions

Physics: Unit 07

Electromagnetic induction
Faraday's law, Lenz's law
Self and mutual inductance
RC, LR, and LC circuits with AC sources

Physics: Unit 08

Optics
Rectilinear propagation of light
Reflection and refraction at plane, and spherical surfaces, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism
Thin lenses
Combination of mirrors and thin lenses
Magnification
Wave nature of light-Huygen's principle, interference limited to Young's double slit experiment
Elementary idea of diffraction-Rayleigh criterion
Elementary idea of polarization-Brewster's law and the law of Malus

Physics: Unit 09

Modern physics
Atomic nucleus
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiations
Law of radioactive decay
Decay constant
Half-life and mean life
Binding energy and its calculation
Fission and fusion processes
Energy calculation in these processes
Photoelectric effect
Bohr‘s theory of hydrogen like atoms
Characteristic and continuous x-rays, Moseley's law
De Broglie wavelength of matter waves
Heisenberg‘s uncertainty principle