How to study new syllabus for Standard 12th Biology
We shall discuss them without the reduced portion because you may need to study it for competitive examination preparation and entrance tests to various premier institutes.You are all aware that due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, there has been a reduction in your syllabus. In this article, we shall discuss 4 chapters from your syllabus; chapters 01, 06, 07 and
What is the purpose of this article?
All topics in biology cannot be studied in the same way, because there are differences in the content of every chapter in your biology textbook. You can bring small changes in the way you study a particular sub-topic, in order to remember what you study well. The following tips will be helpful for you in the same.
Which chapters are we going to discuss?
Three of the chapters, Reproduction in lower and higher plants, Plant water relation, Plant growth and mineral nutrition are entirely plant based while the fourth chapter Enhancement in food production is based on the application of biology in industries and businesses.
Let us begin with the first chapter, Reproduction in lower and higher plants. It has a lot of descriptions and recalling all of it can be tricky. The chapter has a weightage of 6 marks without options and 8 marks with option. Questions for 01, 02, 03 or 04 marks can be asked.
Excluded portion for board exam- 1.1- Asexual reproduction Following are the tips to study this chapter better-
Answer: a- petal, b- androecium, c- sepal, d- gynoecium.
Moving on to the next chapter 6, Plant- water relation, which has a weightage of 5 marks without option and 7 marks with option. This is a topic which is concept heavy. Questions for 01, 02, 03 marks can be asked.
Excluded portion for board exam- 6.4 Absorption of water by roots from soil, 6.5 Water potential,
6.6 Plasmolysis, 6.7 Path of water across the root, 6.8 Mechanism of water absorption, 6.9 Translocation of water, 6.10 Transport of mineral ions, 6.11 Transport of food, 6.12 Transpiration,
6.13 Structure of stomatal apparatus.
Please go online and look at a few good videos that explain the concepts of diffusion, osmosis, hypertonic, hypotonic, etc.
For e.g. https://youtu.be/SD1AKWUazPU explains osmosis while difference between diffusion, osmosis, dialysis is explained well in this video, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHzkRtzVmUM
The next chapter 7, Plant growth and mineral nutrition has a weightage of 5 marks without option and 7 marks with option. Questions for 01, 02, 03 marks can be asked. Overall the chapter has two parts, one is about plant growth and what factors are involved in it. This part is concept-based, hence needs understanding.
Excluded portion for board exam- 7.1 Plant growth, 7.2 Phases of growth, 7.3 Conditions of growth, 7.4 Growth rate and types of growth, 7.5 Growth curve, 7.6 Differentiation, de- differentiation, re-differentiation, 7.7 Development, 7.8 Plasticity, 7.10 Photoperiodism, 7.11 Vernalization, 7.12 Mineral nutrition, 7.13 Nitrogen cycle.
Use absolute numbers as given in the Fig.7.4 in order to understand growth rate comparison between AGR and RGR.
Make a comparative chart for the plant hormones, what physiological changes they bring about in the plant and their on-field applications.
The second half is about minerals, which parts they are needed and their function, and their deficiency symptoms in the plant. This part is knowledge- based.
The last chapter we will discuss is 11, Enhancement in food production, that is based on the biological applications in industry and agro based businesses. It has a weightage of 4 marks without option and 6 marks with option. MCQ’s and very short answer (in one sentence) for 1 mark can be asked from this chapter.
Excluded portion for board exam- 11.2 Plant breeding, 11.3 Tissue culture, 11.4 Single cell protein, 11.6 Animal husbandry
Use the flow chart to study the steps involved in hybridization, as in Chart 11.1.
|
No. |
Acid produced |
Name of microbe |
|
1 |
Citric acid |
Aspergillus niger |
|
2 |
Gluconic acid |
Aspergillus niger |
|
3 |
Fumaric acid |
Rhizopus arrhizus |
|
4 |
Acetic acid (vinegar) |
Acetobacter aceti |
Divide one chapter into smaller sub sections before you start studying. The advantage in biology is that it can be narrated in the form of a story, that some online videos do very well (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPJbucBAQGc). I hope that these pointers and tips will be useful for you in preparing for both the board exams as well as various entrance tests that you plan to appear for. I wish you all the best in preparing for exams and your future endeavours.
Written by- Ms.Poornima Raveendran, former Lecturer (Biology) Abasaheb Garware College, currently Senior Teaching Associate, IISER, Pune.
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